Archive for July, 2012

Neuroscience, Engineering, and Robotics: The First Sip

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By Vivy Tran.

Reach out in front of you and take a sip from your cup.

Seem easy? Well at one point, such a feat seemed impossible to Cathy Hutchinson (59) who suffered a stroke that left her arms and legs paralyzed.

But not today.

A room of scientists watched in silence as Hutchinson took a drink from her cup. Mind you she didn’t use assistance, which was something she has had to do for the last 15 years since her stroke. Hutchinson only peered between her squinted eyes and used the power of thought. Moments later she saw her thoughts turn into reality. Just as she had imagined, Hutchinson took a sip from a bottle in front of her. A robotic arm guided by a brain implant called BrainGate read her thoughts and then moved to grab the bottle in front of her and let her take a sip. Meanwhile scientists of the Providance VA Medical Center, Brown University, and Massachusetts General Hospital sat in awe as they watched the power of thought acted out in front of them. Just like that, neural signals could then be translated to 3D movement.

Nature published these findings of BrainGate, a pill-sized device covered in electrodes that was implanted into the brain to record electrical activity.

The implications of this technology open the possibility for new engineering approaches for rehabilitation of these victims. And despite the 15 years since Hutchinson’s stroke, BrainGate’s effectiveness suggests that even in all of that time, the brain circuit remains intact.

Consistence and reliability still must be improved in order to more seriously consider this technology as commercially viable. However no one forgets Hutchinson’s remarks when she took that first sip.

“I had feelings of hope and a great sense of independence, when drinking from a cup,” Hutchinson spelled out to reporters. If that one sip can give her all of that, this technology is worth further investigation.

Paralyzed Woman Moves Robot (Nature)

Diagnosis: Stress

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By Vivy Tran.

I’m feeling sick this week. It must be my stress.

Is it?

A physician in one of my neurology rounds claimed that “stress” is an inappropriate and overly used diagnosis for too many clinical cases. Stroke? No other medical history explains the cause. Must be stress… Abnormal heart arrhythmia? That must be stress too…

But is it? Does stress have clinical impact on neurologic or physiological function?

A recent study in the March 29 International Journal of Psychophysiology suggests so. Michigan State University scientists propose that women who spend more time stressed overwork their brains for simple tasks. These scientists therefore suggest that this contributes to why women are twice more likely to develop anxiety disorders.

Jason Moser, lead author for the study, used an electrode cap to study electrical activity in men and women as they underwent simple tests. The studies showed that as tests became more difficult, women performed worse, exhibiting excess electrical activity in comparison to their male counterparts.

Moser suggests, “worry got in the way of doing the task well.”

The researchers are currently investigating whether the hormone estrogen is involved in this hyperactivity.

So what do you think? Can stress have such an impact? All I know is I that I will be much more inclined to grab my stress ball next time I am feeling it. You can never be too careful.